Albanian autarky and planning
알바니아의 자력갱생과 계획경제
Albania combined state industry and collectivized agriculture with an emphasis on self-reliance. Changing relations with Yugoslavia, the USSR and China altered aid and equipment supplies; Chinese aid ended in 1978.
In depth
Albania combined state industry and collectivized agriculture with an emphasis on self-reliance. Changing relations with Yugoslavia, the USSR and China altered aid and equipment supplies; Chinese aid ended in 1978.
Food self-sufficiency and restrictions on foreign borrowing aimed to protect political independence. A small domestic market, aging technology and weak exports constrained renewal. After Hoxha, Ramiz Alia cautiously adjusted external relations and economic management.
The crisis and reforms of 1990–1991 reshaped ownership, price and trade controls, and international finance. Declared self-sufficiency should be distinguished from actual import dependence.