Belovezha Accords
벨로베자 협정
An agreement signed on 8 December 1991 by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus at a hunting lodge in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha forest of Belarus, declaring that the USSR had ceased to exist 'as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality' and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place. Signed by three of the four original republics that had created the USSR by treaty in 1922, the accords effectively dissolved the Soviet Union, scuttling Gorbachev's competing New Union Treaty. The Alma-Ata Protocol of 21 December brought the remaining republics into the CIS, confirming the formal end of the 70-year Soviet state.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian Wikipedia: formal name, signatories, prehistory (Novo-Ogaryovo process, Ukrainian referendum), content of 14 articles, legal basis in 1922 Treaty
- Wikipedia (EN) English Wikipedia: official and unofficial names, key provisions, Vienna Convention legal basis, ratification timeline
- themoscowtimes.com The Moscow Times (2016): firsthand account from Shushkevich, Kravchuk, and Burbulis at 25th anniversary panel; spontaneous drafting process; legal reasoning via 1922 treaty signatories