First Schleswig War
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The war of 1848–1851 over the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, ruled by the King of Denmark in personal union, in which the German-speaking population rose and the German Confederation and Prussia fought Denmark. When a provisional government was set up at Kiel in March 1848 the Confederation supported it as a federal war, fought mostly by Prussian troops. Interrupted by the Malmö armistice in August 1848 and resumed in 1849, it ended in Danish victory with the diplomatic backing of Britain and Russia.
In depth
Danish national liberals wanted a nation-state including Schleswig, German national liberals the admission of both duchies to the Confederation. Prussian troops under General Wrangel pushed into Jutland, but under pressure from Britain and Russia, which did not want a strong power controlling the Danish straits, Prussia signed a six-month armistice at Malmö on 26 August 1848. When the Frankfurt National Assembly accepted it on 16 September, a rising broke out in Frankfurt on 18 September.
In the summer of 1850 Prussia backed down, and on 1 April 1851 the Schleswig-Holstein army was disbanded. The London Protocol of 1852 confirmed the Danish king as duke of the duchies. In Denmark it is called the Three Years' War.