Jadidism (Jadid Movement)
자디드 운동
A modernist Islamic reform movement among Muslims of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Named after the 'new method' (usul-i jadid) of phonetic literacy teaching pioneered by Crimean Tatar intellectual Ismail Gasprinsky, the Jadids promoted modern print culture, women's education, and European-style scientific curricula. They opposed the Qadimist (traditionalist) ulama, articulated an anti-colonial consciousness, and after 1917 many allied with the Bolsheviks to help build Soviet Central Asia, only to be liquidated in the Great Purge.
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- Wikipedia (EN) Encyclopedia article: etymology from usul-i jadid, Gasprinsky as founder, educational reform, conflict with Qadimism, anti-colonial discourse, alliance with Bolsheviks and subsequent purge.
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian Wikipedia: etymology, Gasprinsky, Ittifaq al-Muslimin, Young Bukharans, Fayzulla Khodzhayev affiliation, regional variants.
- rferl.org RFE/RL by Daniel Kimmage (2005): scholarly overview citing Adeeb Khalid's work; Jadidism as contest over knowledge transmission between manuscript and print cultures; taraqqiparvarlar self-designation; cosmopolitan Muslim modernism.