Treaty of Trianon
트리아농 조약
The First World War peace treaty between the Allies and Hungary, signed in the Grand Trianon palace at Versailles on 4 June 1920. It left Hungary with 28 per cent of its pre-war territory and 36 per cent of its population, and made 3.3 million Hungarians minorities in neighbouring states. Revising its borders became the central aim of interwar Hungarian politics.
In depth
The Hungarian delegation was led by Albert Apponyi, whose appeal to the Supreme Council for the unity of historic Hungary on 16 January 1920 did not change the terms. The treaty was dictated, to be accepted as a whole; Hungary signed under protest, ratified it on 16 November 1920, and it came into force on 26 July 1921. Hungary became a landlocked state of 93,073 square kilometres and 7.6 million people, its former lands going to Czechoslovakia, Romania, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Austria. Its army was limited to 35,000 men without conscription, and it owed reparations.
As the slogan “No, no, never!” showed, revision drove the Horthy regime’s foreign policy. Held in check by the Little Entente, Bethlen shelved the demand until the mid-1920s, but after the 1927 treaty of friendship with Italy he called openly for revision, and the goal drew Hungary towards Italy and Germany in the 1930s.