기층 초회의
party conference (as distinct from congress)
전연방 당협의회는 당대회와 당대회 사이에 중앙위원회가 소집한 전당 차원의 회의로, 지역 당조직 대표들과 중앙 당기관 위원들로 구성되었다. 당대회가 중앙위원회를 선출하고 당규를 결정하는 최고기관이었던 반면, 당협의회는 긴급한 정책 문제를 논의하고 결의를 채택했으나 지도부 선거는 실시하지 않았다. 1941년 제18차 회의 이후 47년간 소집되지 않다가 1988년 고르바초프가 당대회를 통제할 수 없게 되자 이 형식을 부활시켜 제19차 당협의회를 개최했다.
출처
- Russian Wikipedia, Конференция КПСС: describes the institutional role of All-Union conferences — convened by the Central Committee between congresses for urgent policy; 47-year gap between the 18th (1941) and 19th (1988); the 19th Congress (1952) removed the conference clause from the statute and the 23rd Congress (1966) restored it.
- Encyclopedia.com / Encyclopedia of Russian History, 'Party Congresses and Conferences' by Robert V. Daniels: conferences were 'smaller and less authoritative gatherings, usually held midway in the interval between congresses'; they 'issued policy declarations in the form of resolutions, but did not conduct elections to the top party leadership'; Gorbachev revived the format in 1988 because he 'could not rely on the circular flow of power' and had to campaign for pro-reform delegates.
- Constitution of the Communist Party of the USSR (1925, Fourteenth Party Congress): Article III, §2 — 'Once in the interval between party congresses the central committee convokes an all-Union party conference of representatives of local party organizations.'