People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Political and party leadership 1 Social movements and organizing 1
Affiliation(set)

Most people

Any Soviet Unionstate 23 Polandstate 22 Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 21 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 20 Polish Workers' Party (PPR) 12 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 11 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 10 Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 2

All 26 affiliations

France

French Communist Party (PCF) 1

Germany

Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 2 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 2 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 1

International organizations

Comintern 1

Poland

Polandstate 22 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 20 Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) 2 Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ) 3 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 11 Polish Workers' Party (PPR) 12 Polish People's Party (PSL) 3 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 7 Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 7 Freedom Union (Poland) 5 Democratic Union (Poland) 4

Russia

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 10

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 21 ↳ Democratic Centralists (Decists) 1 ↳ Left Opposition 2 Soviet Unionstate 23

United Kingdom

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) 1

United States

United States state institutionsstate 1 Democratic Party (United States) 1
Position
Any Marxism and communism 2
Citizenship
Any Germany 1 Soviet Union 1
Background(set)
Any Germany 30 Russia 3 Poland 2 Austria 1
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 2
Communist Party of Germany (KPD) Background: Poland Clear all
GlossaryCommunist Party of Germany (KPD)

Julian Józefowicz Marchlewski

Julian Marchlewski
Communist Party of Germany (KPD) Soviet communism Soviet Polish 1866–1925 ○ Illness

A Pole who passed through the German and Russian revolutions and tried to bring revolution home

As the Red Army prepared to march on Warsaw in 1920, he joined Radek in repeatedly urging Lenin to halt — warning him not to overestimate the revolutionary consciousness of the Polish worker.

Co-founder of Polish communism, he established the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKPiL) in 1893 together with Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches. Active in the German SPD's left wing, he helped build the Spartacus League and the German Communist Party, and after the Russian Revolution joined the Bolsheviks, becoming one of Lenin's close advisers on agrarian policy. During the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 he served as chairman of the Polish Provisional Revolutionary Committee, and later became the first chairman of International Red Aid (MOPR) and first rector of the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West.

Career timeline
  • 1889Co-founded Polish Workers' Union
  • 1893Co-founded SDKPiL with Luxemburg and Jogiches
  • 1896Doctorate from Zurich University
  • 1906–1907SDKPiL delegate to RSDLP London Congress; candidate CC member
  • 1914–1918Spartacus League; imprisoned in Germany for anti-war activity
  • 1920Chairman, Polish Provisional Revolutionary Committee
  • 1922–1925First chairman of MOPR; first rector of KUNMZ

Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg
Communist Party of Germany (KPD) Communism Germany Poland 1871–1919 ✕ Murdered

“Freedom is always the freedom of the one who thinks differently”

On 14 January 1919, the day after the Spartacist uprising fell, Luxemburg's final article appeared in Die Rote Fahne. To the victors' cry of 'Order prevails in Berlin!' she answered: 'I was, I am, I shall be!' Arrested that night, murdered the next day.

Polish-born German revolutionary, and the Bolsheviks' sharpest comradely critic. From prison she defended the Russian Revolution while warning against the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and the suppression of the press. Murdered by Freikorps troops during the January 1919 Berlin rising.

Career timeline
  • 1893Co-founds the Polish social democracy
  • 1898–1914Theorist of the SPD left; the revisionism dispute
  • 1899Published Reform or Revolution
  • 1906The Mass Strike
  • 1913Published The Accumulation of Capital
  • 1915–1918Jailed for anti-war work; writes on the Russian Revolution from prison
  • 1918.12Co-founds the German Communist Party
  • 1919.01Murdered by Freikorps troops in the January rising
Scenes The Constituent Assembly’s one day