June 3rd System
6월 3일 체제
The political regime of the Russian Empire established through Stolypin's self-coup of 3 June 1907, when he dissolved the Second State Duma and unilaterally amended the electoral law. The new franchise gave overwhelming weight to landed nobles and wealthy urban voters, securing a conservative, pro-government majority in the Third and Fourth Dumas. It combined autocratic rule with limited parliamentarism into what became known as a 'Duma monarchy.' The system effectively collapsed in 1915 with the formation of the Progressive Bloc.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian Wikipedia: details on the dissolution of the Second Duma, the illegal alteration of the electoral law, and the resulting political regime (Третьеиюньская система)
- Wikipedia (EN) English Wikipedia: account of the coup, the Electoral Law of 1907, and its consequences for the Duma's composition and the political system
- histerl.ru histerl.ru: defines Третьеиюньская монархия as a political regime combining autocracy and parliamentary elements, describes the electoral system's disproportions (one landlord vote = 543 workers, 240 peasants), and explains its collapse in 1915