Nine Commentaries
9평
A series of nine polemical editorials published by the Chinese Communist Party in the People's Daily and Red Flag between September 1963 and July 1964, responding to the CPSU's Open Letter. Marking the climax of the Sino-Soviet ideological debate, the commentaries condemned Khrushchev's line of peaceful coexistence, peaceful competition, and peaceful transition as revisionism, and systematically attacked Soviet positions across nine themes including the Stalin question, war and peace, and Yugoslavia's character. The ninth commentary, 'On Khrushchev's Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World,' laid out fifteen points for preventing capitalist restoration, ideas that later became theoretical foundations of the Cultural Revolution.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) Wikipedia article covering background, drafting process, the nine commentaries list, and legacy including Deng Xiaoping's 1989 reassessment
- zh.wikipedia.org Chinese Wikipedia: details the drafting group (Central Anti-Revisionist Document Drafting Group, Kang Sheng/Wu Lengxi), Mao's final review role, the ninth commentary's 15 points as Cultural Revolution theoretical roots
- Marxists Internet Archive Marxists Internet Archive: Sino-Soviet Split document collection listing all nine commentaries with their original Chinese and English titles