право свободного выхода из Союза · 1922–1991

Right of Secession (USSR)

탈퇴권

The constitutional right, enshrined in the 1922 Union Treaty and the 1924, 1936, and 1977 Soviet constitutions, of each constituent republic of the USSR to freely secede from the Union. Introduced when Lenin overruled Stalin's autonomization plan and insisted on a federation of equal republics, it lacked any implementing legislation for most of Soviet history and was widely regarded as nominal. In 1990, however, republics invoked Article 72 of the 1977 Constitution as the legal basis for their sovereignty declarations, making the right of secession a decisive instrument in the dissolution of the USSR.

Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia The Republican Language Laws The Right of Nations to Self-Determination The Soviet People

Related historical events

Sources

  1. Marxists Internet Archive Lenin's "The Question of Nationalities or 'Autonomisation'" (Dec 30-31, 1922), arguing the right of secession must not be a mere scrap of paper and criticizing Stalin's autonomization plan
  2. Wikipedia (RU) Treaty on the Formation of the USSR, пункт 26 and Глава II пункт 4 enshrining the right of free secession
  3. departments.bucknell.edu 1977 Soviet Constitution Article 72: 'Each Union Republic shall retain the right freely to secede from the USSR'
  4. daily.jstor.org JSTOR Daily on the Lenin-Stalin clash over autonomization and the right of secession, and its role in the 1991 dissolution
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