Interfront / Intermovement
인테르프론트 (인테르무브먼트)
A pro-Soviet political movement founded in Estonia on 19 July 1988, originally called Interfront and renamed Intermovement in autumn of the same year. Composed mainly of Russian-speaking factory workers and retired Soviet officers, it opposed the Baltic independence movements, with parallel organisations in Latvia (Interfront), Lithuania (Yedinstvo), Moldova, and the Donbass. Backed by conservative Communists and the KGB, it campaigned to preserve the Soviet Union and was banned in the Baltic states after the USSR's collapse.
Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) founding date (19 July 1988), original name Interfront renamed to Intermovement autumn 1988, leadership, membership 16,000–100,000, 1989 election results (6/36 seats), radio Nadezhda, Toompea incident May 1990, parallel organisations in Latvia/Lithuania/Moldova/Donbass, KGB involvement per Oleg Kalugin
- Wikipedia (EN) English-language summary: founding, membership, alignment with pro-Soviet wing of Estonian Communist Party, opposition to Popular Front, leadership (Kogan, Jarovoi, Sai, Lebedev, Kiknadze), Narva autonomy referendum 1993, post-independence ban
- hoover.org Hoover Institution archival description confirming Estonian Intermovement, Latvian Interfront, Lithuanian Yedinstvo as pro-Soviet organisations of mainly Russian minority members in industrial cities, banned after 1991