Operation X
작전 X
The clandestine Soviet operation to supply military aid to the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Approved by the Politburo on 29 September 1936, the operation was overseen by Defence Commissar Kliment Voroshilov and run by the NKVD and military intelligence. The USSR shipped large quantities of tanks, aircraft, artillery and some 2,000 military advisers to Spain; in payment, the Republic transferred 510 tonnes of its central bank gold reserves to Moscow.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) Wikipedia: Operation X was the codename for the Soviet weapons shipment operation to Republican Spain, created as Section X of the Soviet military.
- internrelat.spbstu.ru Kozlov (2019): детальное описание операции «Х»: решение Политбюро от 29 сентября 1936 г., роль Разведуправления НКО и НКВД, объемы поставок, создание отделения «Х».
- spanishsky.dk Spanishsky.dk: подробности о начале операции X в сентябре 1936, список поставок, данные о советских добровольцах (2,000+), хронология транспортировки золота.