CommuLingo
People

People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity

Any Political and party leadership 64 Government and administration 31 Legislature and state representation 10 Military command 3 Diplomacy and international organization 6 Economy, finance and planning 3 Agriculture and land policy 1 Ideology and propaganda 3 Social movements and organizing 20 Scholarship and theory 14 Education 2 Literature and arts 5 Religion 1 Law and justice 3

Affiliation

Most people

Any Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 19 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 19 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 12 Germany state institutionsstate 9 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 9 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 8 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 8 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 6

All 44 affiliations

Australia

Australian Labor Party (ALP) 1

Austria

Austria state institutionsstate 1

Belarus

Belarus state institutionsstate 2 Belarusian Socialist Hramada 2

Belgium

Belgium state institutionsstate 1

Chile

Chile state institutionsstate 1

East Germany

Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 2

Finland

Finland state institutionsstate 1 Social Democratic Party of Finland 2

France

France state institutionsstate 5 French Workers' Party (POF) 2 General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 1 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 8

Georgia

Georgia state institutionsstate 2

Germany

Germany state institutionsstate 9 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 3 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 19 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 8

Hungary

Hungarystate 5 Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) 3

International organizations

Comintern 1 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 1

Italy

Italy state institutionsstate 1 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 3

Poland

Polandstate 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 1

Romania

Romaniastate 2

Russia

Russian Empirestate 2 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 19 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 2 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 9 Russian Provisional Governmentstate 3 Russian Orthodox Church 1 General Jewish Labour Bund 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 12

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 3 Soviet Unionstate 2

Spain

Spanish Republicstate 2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 3

Ukraine

Ukrainian People's Republicstate 1

United Kingdom

United Kingdom state institutionsstate 1 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 6

United States

Democratic Party (United States) 1 Socialist Party of America 2

Position(set)

Any Imperial establishment and White movement 72 Counter-revolutionary forces 164 Left critics of Bolshevism 54 Socialist-bloc reform leader 63 Dissident 44 Anarchists 19 Non-Bolshevik socialists 109 Narodniks 18 Jacobins and French revolutionary radicals 19 Fascists and Nazis 38 National liberation and anti-colonial movements 35 Russian revolutionary democrats 6 Western Marxist theorists 15 Marxism and communism 1524 Early socialism 4 Revolutionary socialism 4 Liberalism and republicanism 38 Conservatism and Christian democracy 36 Monarchy and royalism 26 Agrarianism and peasant parties 8 Nationalism 40

Citizenship

Any Germany 21 Russia 21 France 11 Soviet Union 11 United Kingdom 10 Hungary 6 Austria 3 Finland 3 Georgia 3 Spain 3 United States 3 Belarus 2 Belgium 2 Italy 2 Romania 2 Chile 1 Greece 1 Madagascar 1 Poland 1 Switzerland 1 Ukraine 1

Background

Any Russia 30 Germany 22 France 10 United Kingdom 9 Hungary 6 Georgia 4 Finland 3 Spain 3 Austria 2 Belarus 2 Belgium 2 Cuba 2 Italy 2 Moldova 2 Chile 1 Czechia 1 Greece 1 Ireland 1 Madagascar 1 Poland 1 Switzerland 1 Turkey 1 Ukraine 1 United States 1

Era

Any

People of the Soviet Union

The old regime and its challengers1905–1917 22 The revolutionary generation1917–1940 5 People of the Stalin era1929–1953 1

People of the wider world

The age of the Internationals and empires1820–1917 21 The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 46 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 11 Scholars of this history1892–현재 3

Non-Bolshevik socialists

109 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

Ferdinand Lassalle Ferdinand Lassalle Founder of the ADAV, Germany's first workers' party Scholarship and theory 1825–1864
Wilhelm Liebknecht Wilhelm Liebknecht Co-founder of the Eisenach party and drafter of the Gotha Programme Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1826–1900
August Bebel August Bebel Co-founder of the SPD who led the German workers' movement for over 40 years, the 'shadow emperor' of the working class Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1840–1913
Paul Lafargue Paul Lafargue Marx's son-in-law, author of The Right to Be Lazy, first socialist deputy in the French parliament Political and party leadership · French Workers' Party (POF) 1842–1911
Catherine Konstantinovna Breshkovsky Екатерина Константиновна Брешко-Брешковская 'Grandmother of the Russian Revolution' who endured 44 years of prison and exile; co-founder of the Socialist Revolutionary Party Social movements and organizing · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1844–1934
Jules Guesde Jules Guesde Veteran founder of French Marxist socialism who entered the Union sacrée government in 1914 Political and party leadership · France state institutions 1845–1922
Vera Ivanovna Zasulich Вера Ивановна Засулич From a narodnik revolver to Marxist criticism, half a century of one woman's revolutionary life Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1849–1919
Mark Andreyevich Natanson Марк Андреевич Натансон The great unifier of the Russian revolutionary movement, from the Chaikovtsy to the Left SRs Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1850–1919
Pavel Borisovich Axelrod Павел Борисович Аксельрод Theorist of the mass workers' party: the argument that lost to Lenin's vanguard Political and party leadership · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1850–1928
Eduard Bernstein Eduard Bernstein Founder of Marxist revisionism and evolutionary socialism, author of The Preconditions of Socialism Scholarship and theory · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1850–1932
Victor Adler Victor Adler Founder and leader of Austrian Social Democracy who could not stop the war in 1914 and backed it Political and party leadership 1852–1918
Karl Johann Kautsky Karl Johann Kautsky Chief theoretician of orthodox Marxism in the Second International, founding editor of Die Neue Zeit, editor of Marx's Capital Vol. IV Scholarship and theory · Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 1854–1938
Eugene V. Debs Eugene V. Debs Five-time Socialist Party presidential candidate and pioneer of industrial railroad unionism Social movements and organizing · Socialist Party of America 1855–1926
Lev Grigorievich Deitch Лев Григорьевич Дейч Co-founder of the Emancipation of Labour group and a Menshevik pioneer at the origins of Russian Marxism Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1855–1941
Keir Hardie Keir Hardie Former miner who founded the British Labour Party and opposed the First World War to the end, urging an anti-war general strike Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1856–1915
Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov Георгий Валентинович Плеханов The father of Russian Marxism: against his own pupils’ revolution Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1856–1918
Jean Jaurès Jean Jaurès French socialist leader who united the left, founded L'Humanité, and was assassinated fighting to prevent the Great War Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1859–1914
Carl Legien Carl Legien German trade-union leader who signed the 1918 agreement with Stinnes and met the Kapp Putsch of 1920 with a general strike Social movements and organizing · Independent activity 1861–1920
Marcel Sembat Marcel Sembat French Socialist deputy who joined the Union sacrée government as Minister of Public Works in 1914 Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1862–1922
Hugo Haase Hugo Haase Lawyer who founded the USPD against the war and co-chaired the Council of People’s Deputies with Ebert in 1918 Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1863–1919
Arthur Henderson Arthur Henderson British Labour organizer and politician who led the international disarmament effort. Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1863–1935
Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze Николай Семёнович Чхеидзе Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet in the dual-power era, face of revolutionary defencism Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1864–1926
Philipp Scheidemann Philipp Scheidemann SPD politician who proclaimed the republic from a Reichstag window on 9 November 1918 and became Weimar’s first head of government Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1865–1939
Ramsay MacDonald Ramsay MacDonald Politician who gave up the Labour chairmanship in 1914 over war credits and later became Britain’s first Labour prime minister Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1866–1937
Émile Vandervelde Émile Vandervelde Chairman of the International Socialist Bureau who led the Second International and joined Belgium’s wartime government in 1914 Political and party leadership · Belgium state institutions 1866–1938
Kurt Eisner Kurt Eisner Journalist who overthrew the Bavarian monarchy in Munich in November 1918, proclaimed the People’s State and was assassinated the next year Social movements and organizing · Germany state institutions 1867–1919
Alexander Lvovich Parvus Александр Львович Парвус Co-author of permanent revolution who arranged Lenin's sealed train: the 'merchant of revolution' Scholarship and theory · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1867–1924
Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime Government and administration · Poland 1867–1935
James Connolly James Connolly He raised the workers' flag and the republic's on a single staff Social movements and organizing · Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 1868–1916
Béla Somogyi Somogyi Béla Editor of the Social Democratic Népszava who was murdered by an officer detachment in 1920 for exposing the White Terror Ideology and propaganda 1868–1920
Gustav Noske Gustav Noske SPD defence minister who said “someone has to be the bloodhound” and used the Freikorps to crush the left risings of 1919 Military command · Germany state institutions 1868–1946
Noe Zhordania ნოე ჟორდანია Leader of the Georgian Mensheviks who headed the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918–1921 Political and party leadership · Georgia state institutions 1868–1953
Yevno Fishelevich Azef Евно Фишелевич Азеф The Okhrana's paid informant who led the revolution's terrorist vanguard Social movements and organizing · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1869–1918
Alexander Nikolayevich Potresov Александр Николаевич Потресов One of the six who built Iskra: the Menshevik theorist who parted with Lenin Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1869–1934
Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero The UGT worker-leader they called the Spanish Lenin, a prime minister broken between revolution and war Government and administration · Spanish Republic 1869–1946
Väinö Voionmaa Väinö Voionmaa A historian who linked scholarship with social democracy Scholarship and theory 1869–1947
Grigory Andreyevich Gershuni Григорий Андреевич Гершуни The 'Tiger of the Revolution' who founded the SR Combat Organization Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1870–1908
Nikolai Dmitrievich Sokolov Николай Дмитриевич Соколов Secretary of the Petrograd Soviet Executive Committee and the lawyer who drafted Order No. 1 Law and justice 1870–1928
Julián Besteiro Julián Besteiro PSOE right-wing leader, Speaker of the Cortes; joined Casado's coup, refused exile, and died in Franco's prison Political and party leadership · Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1870–1940
Gustav Bauer Gustav Bauer Social Democratic chancellor whose government accepted the Treaty of Versailles under an Allied ultimatum Political and party leadership · Germany state institutions 1870–1944
Karl Renner Karl Renner Austrian Social Democratic leader who signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain and founded the Second Republic in 1945 Political and party leadership · Austria state institutions 1870–1950
Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert SPD leader who headed the revolutionary government of 1918, steered the councils into parliamentary democracy and became the first president Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1871–1925
Gustave Hervé Gustave Hervé A French journalist who moved from antimilitarist socialism toward nationalist authoritarian politics. Ideology and propaganda · Independent activity 1871–1944
Sergei Nikolayevich Bulgakov Сергей Николаевич Булгаков The Marxist economist who became a priest and built the theological system of Sophia Scholarship and theory 1871–1944
Fyodor Ilyich Dan Фёдор Ильич Дан Menshevism's theoretical pillar who stood for democratic socialism against Lenin Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1871–1947
Camille Huysmans Camille Huysmans Secretary of the Second International from 1905 to 1922 who kept its Bureau alive in the war and later became Belgian prime minister Diplomacy and international organization 1871–1968
Giacinto Menotti Serrati Giacinto Menotti Serrati Italian Socialist leader who took his party into the Comintern but refused to expel the reformists, causing the Livorno split of 1921 Political and party leadership · Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1872–1926
Léon Blum Léon Blum France's first Socialist prime minister, who left behind paid holidays and the 40-hour week Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1872–1950
Julius Osipovich Martov Юлий Осипович Мартов Lenin’s oldest friend and most principled adversary Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1873–1923
Gyula Peidl Peidl Gyula Printer and Social Democratic leader who headed the six-day “trade-union government” after the fall of the Soviet Republic Political and party leadership · Hungary 1873–1943

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