BRICS
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BRICS is an intergovernmental organization of major emerging economies, launched in 2009 by Brazil, Russia, India, and China, later joined by South Africa (2010), and expanded further in 2024–2025 to include Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, the UAE, and Indonesia. It presents itself as a counterweight to the Western-dominated G7 order, advancing the New Development Bank, de-dollarization, and reform of global governance toward multipolarity. Yet its loose, leader-driven format, closer to an informal grouping like the G7 than a structured multilateral body, constrains collective action when member interests diverge, as starkly demonstrated by its failure to respond to member-state Iran's appeals during the 2026 war.
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- Wikipedia (EN) foundational history: origin as BRIC (O'Neill 2001), first summit (2009), expansion with South Africa (2010), 2024 enlargement (Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE), 2025 Indonesia accession, New Development Bank, de-dollarization agenda
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian article: Primakov's 1998 role in conceptual origins, RIC and IBSA precursors, detailed membership timeline, partner-country tier introduced at 2024 Kazan summit
- lowyinstitute.org Lowy Institute, Rushali Saha, 20 April 2026: confirms BRICS silence during 2026 Iran war despite Iran's membership and repeated calls for action; 'BRICS is not, and was never meant to be, a geopolitical bloc, but a forum'; structural limits on collective action
- habtoorresearch.com Al Habtoor Research Centre, July 2025: analysis of 2025 Rio summit; BRICS+ now 11 members + 10 partners representing 40% of world population and GDP; structural limitations and internal political divergences constrain transformative collective action