Cyprus

Turkey state institutions Liberalism and republicanism 1833–1913 → Died in exile

Anglophile Grand Vizier driven out by the Raid on the Sublime Porte in January 1913 while seeking peace in the First Balkan War

Born in Nicosia in 1833, the son of an artillery captain, he was educated in Egypt and served the Khedive Abbas I; a visit to London in 1851 left him a lifelong Anglophile, known as "English Kâmil". From 1860 he governed provinces across the empire and was Grand Vizier four times. Grand Vizier again after the Young Turk Revolution, he clashed with the Committee of Union and Progress and fell to a vote of no confidence. Reappointed in October 1912 to end the disastrous First Balkan War through his British connections, his government decided in January 1913 to accept severe terms with large territorial losses; in the coup of 23 January the Unionists forced him to resign at gunpoint. He went to Egypt and then to British-occupied Cyprus, where he died in November 1913.