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New Zealand

Events 3 · Citizens 0 · People of origin 2

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Borders follow the present-day world.

State changes

  1. 1947 Independent ofUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom
  2. 1962 SamoaSamoabecame independent

Directly involved historical events 3View all

  1. 1914–1918First World WarA global war in 1914–1918.
  2. 1940.06.10–1943.05.13The North African CampaignBeginning with Italy's entry into the war in June 1940, the North…
  3. 1955–1975The Second Indochina WarWhen the reunification elections promised by the 1954 Geneva Accords…

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People by national background 2View all

United Kingdom state institutions United Kingdom New Zealand 1892–1975 ○ Natural causes

The air-defence commander at the heart of the Battle of Britain

Using the picture supplied by radar and the reporting system, he scrambled No. 11 Group's fighters quickly enough to keep the south-east's defence in action.

A New Zealand-born Royal Air Force officer, Park carried experience from First World War artillery and fighter flying into the organisation of air defence. As commander of No. 11 Group in 1940, he directed the fighter defence of London and south-east England, combining radar and reporting networks with rapid, dispersed interceptions against German raids. His decisions balanced the need to preserve fighters and pilots against the accumulating damage to airfields while keeping the southern defence system in action. He later commanded air operations in Malta and the Far East.

Career timeline
  • 1914–1916Served with New Zealand Expeditionary Force artillery at Gallipoli and on the Western Front
  • 1916–1918Served as a fighter pilot with the Royal Flying Corps and RAF, commanding No. 48 Squadron
  • 1938–1940Senior air staff officer at Fighter Command
  • 1940.04–11Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group, directing south-east air defence in the Battle of Britain
  • 1940–1941Served in Training Command, overseeing fighter training
  • 1941–1942Air Officer Commanding, Egypt
  • 1942–1945Commanded Malta's air defence and later air operations in the Mediterranean, Middle East and India
  • 1946Retired from the RAF as an air chief marshal

British socialist feminist and psychoanalyst, author of "Women: The Longest Revolution" and Psychoanalysis and Feminism

In "Women: The Longest Revolution" (New Left Review, 1966) she argued that the great socialist classics of the nineteenth century had stressed the importance of the woman question without solving it theoretically.

A British psychoanalyst and socialist feminist, born in Christchurch, New Zealand, who moved to England in 1944. She read English at St Anne's College, Oxford, taught English literature at the universities of Leeds and Reading in 1962–1970, and in the 1960s took part in New Left politics on the editorial committee of New Left Review. "Women: The Longest Revolution" (1966) was a new synthesis of Engels, Beauvoir and other analysts of women's oppression, and Psychoanalysis and Feminism (1974) sought to turn Freud to feminism's critique of patriarchy. She later became professor of psychoanalysis at Jesus College, Cambridge, and founded the university's Centre for Gender Studies.