Estonia

Foreign statesman 1868–1941? Missing; presumed dead

Estonian prime minister who concluded the Treaty of Tartu, publisher of Postimees

As Soviet forces occupied Estonia in June 1940, he urged President Päts to offer at least symbolic armed resistance.

Leader of Estonia's liberal national movement through the newspaper Postimees, he was prime minister in 1919 and 1920 and concluded the Treaty of Tartu. Pushed out for opposing Päts's authoritarian regime in 1934, he was arrested after the Soviet occupation of 1940 and disappeared.

Foreign statesman 1874–1956 ○ Died in prison

Head of Estonia's government in the independence war, later dictator of the 'era of silence'

"The greatest thing we have accomplished is the creation of the Estonian state," he said in his June 1940 Victory Day speech under Soviet pressure.

Led Estonia's declaration of independence in February 1918 and held the country together as head of the provisional government in the first winter of the independence war. In 1934 he built the authoritarian 'era of silence' with Laidoner; deported by the Soviets in 1940, he died in custody in 1956.

Foreign statesman 1884–1953 ○ Died in prison

Commander-in-chief of Estonia's war of independence

Launching the counteroffensive on 3 January 1919, he drove the 1st Division 200 kilometres east within eleven days, retaking Tartu and Narva.

Commander-in-chief of the Estonian army from December 1918, he led the counteroffensive of January 1919 and the battle of Cēsis in June. He propped up Päts's emergency regime in 1934 and, deported by the Soviets in 1940, died in Vladimir prison in 1953.

Non-Soviet revolutionary 1888–1922 ✕ Executed

Bolshevik who led the underground communist party in independent Estonia and was executed

A Cheka investigator on the Lockhart conspiracy and Kaplan affair, he was arrested after the May Day demonstration of 1922 and shot that same night in a forest by Lake Ülemiste.

The Bolshevik who led the October Revolution in Estonia in 1917, he directed the underground communist party in the independent republic until his arrest and execution in Tallinn in 1922.

Foreign statesman 1868–1941? Missing; presumed dead

Estonian prime minister who concluded the Treaty of Tartu, publisher of Postimees

As Soviet forces occupied Estonia in June 1940, he urged President Päts to offer at least symbolic armed resistance.

Leader of Estonia's liberal national movement through the newspaper Postimees, he was prime minister in 1919 and 1920 and concluded the Treaty of Tartu. Pushed out for opposing Päts's authoritarian regime in 1934, he was arrested after the Soviet occupation of 1940 and disappeared.

Foreign statesman 1874–1956 ○ Died in prison

Head of Estonia's government in the independence war, later dictator of the 'era of silence'

"The greatest thing we have accomplished is the creation of the Estonian state," he said in his June 1940 Victory Day speech under Soviet pressure.

Led Estonia's declaration of independence in February 1918 and held the country together as head of the provisional government in the first winter of the independence war. In 1934 he built the authoritarian 'era of silence' with Laidoner; deported by the Soviets in 1940, he died in custody in 1956.

Party Secretariat and cadres 1882–1938 ✕ Executed

Estonian Bolshevik and Soviet People's Commissar of Justice who helped design the Gulag camp system

On Bloody Sunday, 9 January 1905, the nineteen-year-old Yanson marched with his father toward the Winter Palace and watched him fall wounded as troops opened fire on the crowd.

An Estonian Bolshevik revolutionary who chaired the Reval (Tallinn) Soviet of Workers' Deputies in 1905 and later organized the Estonian Workers' Socialist Federation while in American exile. As a leading figure in the Central Control Commission during the 1920s, he directed party purges and, in 1928, co-authored a proposal to Stalin with Tolmachev and Yagoda to replace the existing prison system with OGPU-model forced labour camps. He subsequently served as People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR and People's Commissar of Water Transport of the USSR before his arrest in 1937 and execution the following year.

Non-Soviet revolutionary 1884–1937 ✕ Died in prison

Head of the Estonian Workers' Commune and leader of the 1924 rising

Head of the Estonian Workers' Commune proclaimed at Narva in November 1918, he governed eastern Estonia for two months and organized the Tallinn rising of 1924. Arrested in 1937, he died under beating during interrogation.