French Second Republic
프랑스 제2공화국
The second republican regime of France, proclaimed when the February Revolution of 1848 overthrew the July Monarchy and ended by the proclamation of the Second Empire in 1852. It introduced universal manhood suffrage and abolished slavery and the death penalty for political offences, but turned conservative after crushing the June Days, and Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, elected president in December 1848, overthrew it in the coup of 2 December 1851.
In depth
The Provisional Government was formed on 24 February, and on 25 February Lamartine proclaimed the Republic at the Hôtel de Ville. The decree of 5 March raised the electorate from about 250,000 to nine million, and the Constituent Assembly elected by universal manhood suffrage on 23 April proclaimed the Republic again on 4 May. The constitution of 4 November 1848 created a directly elected president with a four-year term and no re-election, and a single chamber of 750 members. The Republic went through three phases: the Provisional Government and Executive Commission (February to June 1848), the moderate republican government of Cavaignac after the June Days (June to December), and the presidency of Louis Napoleon facing an Assembly dominated by the Party of Order (December 1848 to December 1851). The electoral law of 31 May 1850 excluded about a third of the voters through a three-year residence rule, and after the coup of 2 December 1851 the constitution of January 1852 and the proclamation of the Empire in December ended the Republic.