Reference Library
Barnave: Royal Inviolability, Separation of Powers and the End of the Revolution
Korean translation of all speech text reproduced on the French National Assembly website: Barnave’s defence of royal inviolability, separation of powers and ending the Revolution, 15 July 1791.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesWar Debates and Declarations
A thematic collection of primary sources. Individual editorial notes identify authors, dates, editions and the scope of each translation.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesSubsistence and Equality
A thematic collection of primary sources. Individual editorial notes identify authors, dates, editions and the scope of each translation.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesRobespierre: Republican Morality, the Supreme Being, and Thermidor
Complete Korean translations of Robespierre’s 7 May report on religious and moral ideas, the two 8 June Festival of the Supreme Being speeches, and his 26 July (8 Thermidor) address to the National Convention.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesRobert Owen, A New View of Society
Complete Korean translation of the dedications, introductory material and four essays of the 1816 edition, translated with DeepSeek Flash.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesMarx & Engels, The Communist Manifesto
A complete Korean translation of the programme Marx and Engels wrote for the Communist League, published in London in February 1848. Includes the four chapters, the 1848 preamble, and the three German prefaces of Engels's lifetime (1872, 1883, 1890), with the author's, editor's and translator's notes of the source edition. The translation is the public-domain Korean version from Wikisource.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesMarx, Wage Labour and Capital
The full text of the articles Marx serialised in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1849, based on his 1847 lectures to the German Workers' Association in Brussels. Starting from the question of what wages are, it applies the law of commodity prices to labour-power, shows that capital is a social relation and not a thing, and that wage labour and capital produce each other while their interests are diametrically opposed, in the plainest language for working-class readers. Translated from Engels's 1891 edition, which changed 'labour' to 'labour-power', with his introduction.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesMarx, Value, Price and Profit
The full text of the address Marx delivered to the General Council of the International in 1865, answering John Weston's claim that wage rises are futile. It takes Weston's two premises apart, builds up the theory of value, labour-power and surplus value, and shows why wage struggle is both necessary and insufficient, down to the closing watchword: abolition of the wages system. Each section carries a collapsed editorial commentary.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesBakunin, Statism and Anarchy
Complete Korean translation of the main text, Appendices A and B, and ten source notes, translated from Russian with DeepSeek Flash.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesMarx, Notes on Bakunin’s Statism and Anarchy
Korean translation of Marx’s complete reading notes in the cited German transcription. Bakunin quotations are distinguished from Marx’s comments. Translated with DeepSeek Flash.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesMarx, Critique of the Gotha Programme
The full text of Marx's marginal notes on the draft Gotha unity programme of 1875, with Engels's 1891 foreword and Marx's covering letter to Bracke. It covers the undiminished proceeds of labour and the deductions, the two phases of communism, the iron law of wages, state-aided co-operatives, and the free state and the dictatorship of the proletariat. Each clause carries a collapsed editorial commentary.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesBernstein, The Preconditions of Socialism and the Tasks of Social Democracy
Complete Korean translation of both prefaces, four chapters, conclusion and author’s notes in the German transcription, including the tables. Translated with DeepSeek Flash.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesLuxemburg, Social Reform or Revolution
Korean translation of the preface, both parts and the author’s notes. The German MIA text follows the second edition of 1908, reproduced from the 1982 collected works; it is not an unmodified 1899 first-edition text.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesRosa Luxemburg, The National Question and Autonomy
A Korean translation of the first five essays in Rosa Luxemburg's 1908–1909 series on the national question. It criticizes the self-determination clause in the RSDLP programme and examines the nation-state and the proletariat, federalism and centralization, and the history and conditions of local autonomy. It translates all five essays included in Horace B. Davis's 1976 English collection; the sixth essay, omitted from that collection, is not included. This is an indirect translation through Davis's English version of the Polish original.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesStalin, Marxism and the National Question
A complete Korean translation of the essay Stalin wrote in Vienna in early 1913. It defines the nation by four common features (language, territory, economic life, psychological make-up), criticizes Austro-Marxist cultural-national autonomy and its Bundist and Caucasian followers, and advances self-determination, regional autonomy, minority equality and a single internationalist workers' organization. Translated from the Russian original, with the forty editorial notes of the Moscow English edition.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesLenin, The Right of Nations to Self-Determination
A complete Korean translation of Lenin's 1914 defence of the right of nations to self-determination. Answering Rosa Luxemburg's critique of clause 9 of the programme, it defines self-determination as the right to secede and form an independent national state, examining Norway's secession, the London Congress resolution of 1896, Marx on Ireland and the programme debate of 1903, against the national-liberalism of the Cadets and the Liquidators. Translated from the Russian original with the fifteen original footnotes.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesLiebknecht, Protest Against the War Credits (1914)
Korean translation of the full statement of reasons Karl Liebknecht handed to the Reichstag president after casting the only vote against the war credits on 2 December 1914, translated from the German text of the illegal leaflet after the president refused to enter it in the record.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesLenin, The April Theses
A complete translation of the ten theses Lenin read the day after returning from exile in April 1917 and published in Pravda three days later: no support whatever for the Provisional Government; passage from the first stage of the revolution, which gave power to the bourgeoisie, to the second, which must place it in the hands of the proletariat and poorest peasants; a republic of Soviets rather than a parliamentary republic, with the police, standing army and bureaucracy abolished; confiscation of landed estates and nationalisation of the land; the merger of all banks into one national bank; not the 'introduction' of socialism but soviet control of production and distribution; a change of the party's name to Communist and a new International. Lenin's reply to Plekhanov and other opponents follows the theses.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesLuxemburg, The Russian Revolution
Korean translation of the four sections and marginal notes of Luxemburg’s unfinished 1918 manuscript, first published posthumously in 1922, from the German collected-works transcription.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesLenin, The Tax in Kind
The full Korean translation of the pamphlet Lenin wrote in April 1921 to explain the turn to the New Economic Policy. It divides the Russian economy into five forms, from patriarchal peasant farming to socialism, and argues that where small commodity production predominates state capitalism must be measured against the small-proprietor element rather than against socialism, and is a step forward by that measure.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesThe Declaration of the 46
Complete Korean translation of the statement submitted in secret to the Politburo of the RCP(b) Central Committee by forty-six party officials on 15 October 1923. It diagnoses the economic and financial crisis produced by unplanned leadership, argues that the regime of "factional dictatorship" formed after the Tenth Congress has split the party into a secretarial hierarchy and a laity, and demands a conference including comrades who differ with the majority. The reservations added by twelve signatories are translated with it.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesStalin, 'The Foundations of Leninism' (1924)
Stalin's lectures at Sverdlov University, serialised in Pravda three months after Lenin's death. Defining Leninism as 'Marxism of the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution', it systematises Lenin's thought in nine chapters — historical roots, method, theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the peasant question, the national question, strategy and tactics, the party, style of work. The first textbook that turned Lenin's writings into an '-ism', and the document by which Stalin, in the middle of the succession struggle, claimed the authority to interpret Lenin. The Works text (revised after December 1924), with the editors' notes.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesStalin, 'The Results of the Work of the Fourteenth Conference of the RCP(B)' (1925)
Stalin's report to Moscow party activists just after the Fourteenth Party Conference had for the first time adopted 'socialism in one country' as a resolution. It covers the 'two stabilisations', the tasks of communist parties in capitalist and colonial countries, rural policy and the metal industry, but its core is the fourth section, which separates the 'complete victory' of socialism (possible by one country's own forces) from its 'final victory' (requiring revolution in several countries) — the formula that became the basic proposition of Soviet ideology.
Read the full text → Writings & speechesStalin, Political Report of the Central Committee to the 14th Party Congress, with the Reply to the Discussion
Two documents from the 14th Party Congress of December 1925, the first at which the post-Lenin leadership split openly on the congress floor. Stalin's political report for the Central Committee covers the international situation (the 'temporary stabilisation' of capitalism, Locarno, the Dawes Plan), the domestic situation (industrialisation, stratification in the countryside, the argument over state capitalism under NEP) and the state of the party; his reply five days later answers Zinoviev, Kamenev and Sokolnikov of the 'New Opposition' by name. The starting point of the fight over socialism in one country and peasant policy.
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