Reference Library
General Rules of the International Working Men’s Association (1871 edition)
Korean translation of the preamble and thirteen General Rules of the International Working Men’s Association, in the edition dated 24 October 1871.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsErfurt Programme of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (1891)
Korean translation of the full Erfurt Programme adopted by the SPD congress in October 1891: the statement of principles, ten political demands and five demands for the protection of workers, translated from the German text in the congress minutes.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Financial Manifesto of the St Petersburg Soviet (1905)
Issued on 2 (15) December 1905 by the St Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies together with the Peasant Union, the RSDLP, the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Polish Socialist Party. It declares the government bankrupt, calls on the people to refuse taxes and withdraw their deposits in gold, and announces that a free people will not honour debts the autocracy contracted without its consent. The government suppressed the newspapers that printed it and arrested the Soviet the next day; in 1918 it read as a prelude to the repudiation of tsarist debts.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsProgramme of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (1906)
Full Korean translation, from the Russian, of the programme adopted by the first congress of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party in January 1906: its view of one working class from industrial workers to the labouring peasantry, its demands for a democratic republic and self-determination, the socialisation of land, and its warning against "state socialism".
Read the full text → Party & government documentsSecond International, Stuttgart Congress Resolution on Militarism and International Conflicts (1907)
Korean translation of the full anti-militarist resolution of the International Socialist Congress at Stuttgart, August 1907, translated from the German text in the congress proceedings, including the closing paragraph on using a war crisis to hasten the removal of capitalist class rule.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsManifesto of the Extraordinary International Socialist Congress at Basel (1912)
Korean translation of the full Basel Manifesto of November 1912, translated from the German text in the congress proceedings. It restated the Stuttgart and Copenhagen principles, assigned tasks to each socialist party during the Balkan War and warned governments of the consequences of a world war.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThree Documents of the Constituent Assembly Crisis
Lenin's Theses on the Constituent Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People as adopted by the Third Congress of Soviets, and the dissolution decree: one month in which the claim of class organs over national ones passed from theory to programme to accomplished fact.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Twenty-one Conditions of Admission to the Comintern
A complete Korean translation of the twenty-one conditions of admission set by the Second Congress of the Communist International in 1920. They require party control of the press, the removal of reformists and centrists, an illegal apparatus alongside the legal one, agitation in the army and countryside, a break with one's own imperialism in the colonies, subordination of parliamentary fractions, democratic centralism, and a change of name to Communist Party, with expulsion for members who reject them in principle. The splits they forced in the socialist parties drew the line between the Second and Third Internationals.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsKronstadt 1921 Documents: the sailors' resolution, the government statement, the Congress resolution, the rehabilitation decree (1921–1994)
The sailors' resolution of 1 March 1921 that became the rising's programme; the Council of Labour and Defence statement of 2 March that declared it a White Guard plot and outlawed Kozlovsky; the Tenth Congress resolution 'On Party Unity' that banned factions in Kronstadt's name; and Russian presidential decree No. 65 of 1994 that rehabilitated the participants by revoking the statement's first clause. The rising, two responses, and the epilogue, in order.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThree Documents of the Fascist Grand Council (1928–1943)
The law of 9 December 1928 that made the Fascist Grand Council a state organ, 'the supreme body coordinating and integrating all activities of the regime'; the Grandi resolution the Council carried 19 to 8 on the night of 24–25 July 1943, the trigger of Mussolini's fall; and the armistice proclamation Badoglio read over the radio on the evening of 8 September. Three documents of a regime undone by the institution it had built.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsOn the Tempo of Collectivization and State Assistance to Collective-Farm Construction
The Central Committee decision of 5 January 1930 that set the timetable of wholesale collectivization and formalized the passage to the liquidation of the kulaks as a class.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsHolodomor Documents: two letters, two decrees, two decisions (1932–1933)
The two letters of June 1932 in which Chubar and Petrovsky told Stalin and Molotov of hunger in the Ukrainian countryside; the 'law of three ears of grain' of 7 August, the Ukrainian Politburo resolution of 18 November that codified fines in kind and the 'black board' system, and the secret procurement decision of 14 December; and the Politburo decision of 1 January 1933 applying that law to anyone still hiding grain. Six documents, from warning to decision, on the road to the Holodomor, in chronological order.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Programme of the Rassemblement Populaire
The full January 1936 common programme of the French Popular Front that produced the 'bread, peace, liberty' election: dissolution of the fascist leagues, press reform, collective security and nationalization of war industries, the shorter week, the Wheat Office, and making the Bank of France the bank of France.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsOn Arrests, Procuratorial Supervision and the Conduct of Investigations
The secret resolution of 17 November 1938 that ended the mass operations of the Great Terror, banning mass arrests and abolishing the troikas while blaming the excesses on enemies who had crept into the NKVD itself.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsTwo White House Memoranda of the Molotov Conversations
Samuel Cross's memoranda of the White House conferences of 30 May and 1 June 1942: Molotov's blunt question about drawing off forty German divisions, Roosevelt's authorization to expect a second front that year, and the shipping bargain behind the promise.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsAVNOJ: the Bihać founding resolution and the Jajce decisions (1942–1943)
Korean translation, from the Serbian originals, of the full texts of the resolution founding AVNOJ as the political representative body of the struggle at Bihać in November 1942, and of the Declaration of the Second Session at Jajce on 29 November 1943, which made AVNOJ the supreme legislative and executive body and stripped the government-in-exile of its rights, together with Decision No. 3 building Yugoslavia on the federal principle.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsLes Jours Heureux: the CNR Programme
Full text of the common programme adopted unanimously by the National Council of the Resistance on 15 March 1944: the plan of immediate action against the occupier and the post-liberation measures of nationalization, social security and labour rights.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsOperation Overlord — Two SHAEF Documents: the Strategic Air Forces Bombing Directive (17 April 1944) and Eisenhower's D+2 Situation Report, SCAF 48 (8 June)
The directive of 17 April 1944 placing USSTAF and RAF Bomber Command under the Supreme Commander for the preparatory period, with the attrition of the German fighter force and the disruption of rail communications as their two missions (the basis of the 'Transportation Plan'), and SCAF 48, Eisenhower's first comprehensive report to the Combined Chiefs of Staff on 8 June after touring the beaches by destroyer with Admiral Ramsay: the unexpected resistance on Omaha, the foundering of the DD tanks, unloading a day behind schedule in rough weather, and the news of Bayeux. Cable procedure words have been restored to punctuation and paragraphs.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Warsaw Uprising 1944: Fifteen Soviet–British–American Diplomatic Documents
Fifteen documents exchanged between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies during the two months of the rising: Stalin's message of 5 August calling the Polish reports 'greatly exaggerated', the Harriman and Clark Kerr letters on landing rights for American shuttle bombers and Molotov's refusal of 16 August, Stalin's message branding the rising a 'reckless, terrible adventure', the British War Cabinet's appeal of 5 September and the Soviet Government's reply of 9 September, the record of Stalin's talk with the two ambassadors on 23 September, and the General Staff memorandum of 2 October proposing to end the supply drops. From the Russian Ministry of Defence series Russkii arkhiv, vol. 14 (3-1).
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Italian Insurrection of 1945: Three CLNAI Documents — 'Surrender or Perish!', Insurrection Directive No. 1, and Pertini's General-Strike Appeal
The CLNAI and CVL command's ultimatum of 19 April 1945 to the Nazi-Fascist forces, 'Surrender or Perish!'; Insurrection Directive No. 1 of 21 April, ordering workers to gather in their own factories when the insurrectionary strike is called, to defend the plant and form their squads there; and Sandro Pertini's appeal of 25 April proclaiming the general strike over Radio Milano Libertà. The three documents that directed the April 1945 insurrection in northern Italy, translated from the Italian.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThree Central Committee Resolutions on Culture, 1946-1948
Complete translations of the three Central Committee resolutions that formed the backbone of the Zhdanovshchina. The resolution on the journals Zvezda and Leningrad (14 Aug 1946) singled out Zoshchenko and Akhmatova and closed one journal; the resolution on the film A Great Life (4 Sep 1946) banned its second part and condemned Part Two of Ivan the Terrible with it; the resolution on the opera The Great Friendship (10 Feb 1948) named Shostakovich, Prokofiev and Khachaturian as formalists. The party itself corrected the opera resolution in 1958 and rescinded the journals resolution in 1988.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Kremlin Conversation on Ivan the Terrible (1947)
The record of the late-night Kremlin meeting of 26 February 1947, granted in answer to the letter Eisenstein and his lead actor Cherkasov sent Stalin after the September 1946 Central Committee resolution banned Part Two of Ivan the Terrible. Stalin, Molotov and Zhdanov discuss the historical assessment of Ivan and the oprichnina, the style of historical film, and the Soviet cinema of the day, and end by allowing the film to be reworked. Taken down by B. N. Agapov from the two artists' dictation; the reworking was never realised, as Eisenstein died in February 1948.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsTwo Marshall Plan Memoranda (1947)
The two State Department papers that preceded Marshall's Harvard speech: the first recommendation of Kennan's Policy Planning Staff (23 May), which laid down that the initiative must come from Europe and that the target was not communism but economic exhaustion, and Under Secretary Clayton's 'The European Crisis' (27 May), which put Europe's collapse in balance-of-payments tables and asked for six to seven billion dollars a year in grants for three years. The raw material of the Marshall Plan.
Read the full text → Party & government documentsThe Cominform Resolution on the Situation in the CPY and Stalin's telegram to Gottwald (1948)
The Cominform resolution adopted at Bucharest on 28 June 1948, declaring that the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had placed itself 'outside the family of fraternal parties', and Stalin's telegram to Gottwald a fortnight later explaining that its aim was not to topple Tito at once but to isolate him (excerpt from the Works). The public condemnation and the private calculation of the Tito–Stalin split.
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